БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

I. ДОКУМЕНТЫ:

1. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи А / 3943, No 154/.

2. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН - А/ 45/594 (9 October 1990). «Типо-

т

вое соглашение о статусе сил для проведения операции по поддержанию ! мира».

| 3. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи, 49 / 233А.

| 4. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи S /PRST/1996 /13.

| 5. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи S /PRST/1994 /62.

[ 6. Док. Генеральной Ассамблеи А/52/100. Пятьдесят вторая сессия. Нью-

[

Иорк, 15 июля 1997.

7. Док. ООН. Миротворческие акции (1948-1996). М.,1996.

8. Конвенция о безопасности персонала ООН и связанного с ней персона­ ла 1949.

9. Док. ООН. - Генеральная Ассамблея. Пятьдесят вторая сессия- 15 июля

т 1997.

10.Резолюция ГА ООН 794 - от 3 декабря 1992 г. О ситуации в Сомали.

11.Резолюция 859 Совета Безопасности ООН: призыв к регулированию в Боснии и Герцеговине, (1993).

12.Резолюция 869, 870, 871: продление мандата СООНО (1993).

II. СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА: а) на русском языке:

1. Александрова Э. С. ООН: Объединенные действия по поддержанию мира, М, 1978.

2. Блищенко И.П., Солнцева М.М.- Мировая политика и международное право. М., 1991.

160

3. Верещак А.Н. Уставные принципы создания и применения вооруженных сил ООН. М., 1985.

4.Гали Б.Б. «Навстречу новым вызовам». Годовой доклад о деятель ности ООН.- Нью-Йорк 1995

5.Гали Б.Б. Повестка дня для мира. - Нью-Йорк, 1992.

6.Гуго Гроций. О праве войны и мира. - М., 1948 .

7.Деятельность ООН по поддержанию мира. М.,1997.

8.Егоров С. А. Международно-правовая защита гражданских объектов в период вооруженных конфликтов/УСов.ежегодник международного права. М., 1987.

9.Колосов Ю. М., В. И. Кузнецов. Международное право.- М.,1998.

10. Кофи А.Аннан. Партнерство во имя всемирного сообщества, (Ген.

11.Котляров И.И. Международно-правовое регулирование вооруженных конфликтов. М., 1984.

12.Кривчикова Э. С. Вооруженные силы ООН. М, 1965.

^ 13. Крылов Н.Б. История создания ООН- Совета безопасности М.1960.

14. Крылов Н.Б. Принципы участия государств в системе ООН. - М.,1986.

15. Лукашук И.И. Международное право. М., 1997.

16. Международное право. Под ред. Тункина Г.И. М., 1994.

18. Операции ООН по поддержанию мира - Краткие сведения, М., декабрь 1997.

19. Основные положения женевских конвенций и дополнительных протоколов к ним МККК. М., 1994.

20. Основные сведения об Организации Объединенных Наций. ООН, Нью-Йорк, 1995.

21. Поликанов Д.В. Конфликты в Африке и деятельность международных организации по их урегулированию. М., 1998.

161

22. Полторак А.И, Савинский Л. И. Вооруженные конфликты и международное право. М., 1976.

23. Пушмин Э.А. Мирное разрешение международных споров. М., 1974.

24. Рагаб Я. X. Совет сотрудничества арабских государств залива. Кувейт, 1983 (на арабском языке).

25. Эмин В.Г. Региональные конфликты и международные организации. МЛ 991.

26. Собакин В.К. Равная безопасность: принцип равенства и одиноковой безопасности в современных отношениях. М., 1984.

27. Симпозиум по вопросам гуманитарной деятельности и осуществления операций по поддержанию мира, Женева- 1994.

28. Советский Союз на международных конференциях периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945гг. Т. V. Конференция Объединенных Наций в Сан-Франциско (25 апреля 26 июня 1945 г.) Сборник документов. М., 1984.

29. Хименес де Аречага Э. Современное международное право. М., 1983.

III. ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗДАНИЯ: а) на русском языке:

1 .Газета "Независимое военное обозрение"- от 30 июня - 6 июня 2000 г. №23, (196). Ст. Вадима Соловьева «военно-политическая ситуация в мире»

2. Годовой доклад о работе Организации, посвященный 50-й годовщине 1996.Г. Гали Б.Б.(Ген.сек. ООН).

3.Ежегодник СИПРИ 1994. Международная безопасность и разоружение, МЛ 994.

4. Официальные отчеты Совета Безопасности Сорок седьмой год, допо­ лнения за октябрь, ноябрь и декабрь 1992. Док. S / 24992.

5. Официальные отчеты Совета безопасности, сорок восьмой год дополнение за январь, февраль и март 1993 , документ S/25126.

162

6. Официальные отчеты Генеральной Ассамблей, сорок девятая сессия, дополнение №33 (А/49/33), пункт 52, 1995.

7. Хроника ООН. «на путях реформы». Т. XXX №4, июнь, М., 1994 г

8. Хроника ООН. Поддержание мира: операции второго поколения априль 1994. Том XXX, № 3.

9. Хроника ООН, М., 1996.

б) на иностранных языках:

1. A guide for peace support operations. Edited by John Mackinlay, New York, 1996.

2. A. B.A.House of Delegates, Recommendation and Supporting Report

on The Convention on the Safety of United Nation and Associated Personnel, 1996 A.B.A Sec. Int\'] L. & Prac.

3. Accord Michael Bothe ET AL., New Rules for victims of armed armed conflicts: Commentary on the two 1977 protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, 457-58 (1982).

4. Adrian Hamilton, At Least We Must Keep the Peace, The Guardian (London), Mar. 5, 1995, at 29 (concluding that the U.N. needs its own full time peace-keeping force instead of relying on the several nations to provide troops).

5. African Crisis Response Initiative. President Clinton\'sTrip to africa issue, The White house office. 1998.

6. Andrew Deutz .International in the post-cold war era: International Organizations Responses to Kurdistan, Yugoslavia and Haiti 27 apr 28.1992 (unpublished manuscript, on file with the Duke Journal of comparative & International law). I draw upon Mr. Deutz\'s analysis in my discussion of Haiti.

7. Appendix to the present Article. The format and substance of the Draft Protocol III is generally based on a number of other conventions an documents such as the Safety Convention; various Security Council resolusions; the four

I

1 *

Geneva Conventions of 1949; Protocol I; Protocol II; and

¹ 163

the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, Dec.

8. Arend and Beck, supra note 1, at 64 (arguing that the regional action in Grenada was impermissible under the U.N. Charter paradigm).

9. Asian States and the development of universal international law, op.cit. - p. 161.

10. Assemblee Generate. Couverture des reunions. Communique de presse GA/9049/ADD.2. 9 October 1996. Resolutions adptees par l\'Assemblee Generate a la reprise de sa cinquieme session. New York 28 fev. - 17 sept. 1996.

11. Boutros Boutros Ghali, Secretary General Says Effective Peace-Keeping, not Crisis Management, Address at Harvard University (Dec. 15, 1994), in Fed. NEW SERV., Dec. 16, 1994.

12. Boutros-Boutros GhaJi, Maintaining International Peace and Security: The United Nations as Forum and and Focal Point, Remarks Before the State Department (Mar. 25, 1993) (available in Arc News on Lexis).

13. Captain Bruce B.Davidson, Judge Advocate General\'s Corps, U.S. Navy, Status and Rights of Warships in a Multinational Force Tasked to enforce Security Council Resolutions in Accordance with Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, Remarks at the Symposium on Maritime International Law,Valparaiso, Chile (June 25, 1996) [hereinafter status and rights of warships](transcript on file with the Duke Journal of Comparative & Interna-tional Law).

14. Captain Fabio Ghia, Armed Intervention in UN Peacekeeping; The necessity for Change, XLIX Naval War C. Rev. 131, 132 (summer 1996).

15. Case concerning US diplomatic and consular staff in Tehran. US v.Iran. Request for the Indication of provisional Measures. ICJ Reports of Judgment, Opinions and Orders. 15 December 1979. - P. 21.

16. Chaim Herzog, the arab-Israeli wars, in war and peace in the Middle East from the war of independence through Lebanon 195-223 (vintage books, 1982).

164

17. Chantal de Jonge Oudraat, the United Nations and internal conflict, in International dimensions, supra note 73, at 489, 516.

18. Chemick, supra note 87, at 290-291 ("in late 1992, the Bush administration brought the case before the United Nations, implicitly recongnizing

the limits of the OAS.")-

19.

20. Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, Feb. 13, 1946, 21 U.S.T. 1418, 15 [ Hereinafter Privileges and Immunities- Convention ].

21. Commentary on the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in time of war 17-21, at 169-70 (Jean S. Pictet ed., 1958) [hereinafter 1949 Geneva Convention IV Commentary].

22. Communique de presse. Assemblee Generale. GA/8637/Add.l, 30 nov. 1994. Resolution et decisions adoptees par FAssemblee Generale a la reprise de sa quarante-huitieme Session. New York 1994.

23. Conditions of Application of Humanitarian Rules of Armed Conflict to hostilities in wich United Nations Forces may be engaged (Sept.3 1971), reprinted in Laws of WAR, supra note 108, at 372.

24. CONG .REC.S 18592 (daily ed.Dec.14, 1995) (statement of Sen.D\'Amato)

25. Cours de droit international public, Scelle G., Paris 1948.

26. David Wippman, enforcing the peace: Ecowas and the Liberian civil war, in law and force in the new international order, supra note 1, at 157, 187.

27. Dictionnaire de la terminologie du droit international, Paris 1960,

28. Donatella Lorch, U. N. Completes Somalia Pullout: Tense End to Stormy Mission S. F. CHRON., Mar. 3, 1995, at A 12 (commenting how the U. N. Involvement endec hunger, but did not end the fighting).

165

29. Evan T. Bloom, Protecting Peacekeepers: The Conventio on the Safety of United nations and associated personnel 89 AM. J. INT\' L. L. 621 (1995).

30. Ferenz B. Enforcing International Law A way to World Peace N.Y. 1983.

31. Finn Seyersted, United Nations Forces in the Law of Peace and War 179 ^Ш (1966), at 394.

32. For a thourough discussion of the Law of targeting, see chapter eight ; of DEP\'t of the Navy, NWP 1-14 M, the Commander\'s HANDBOon the Law

I

| of Naval operations (1995 ) [ Hereinafter command HANDBOOK].

I

j 33. Fredric L. Kirgis , Jr., The Security Council\'s Firet Fifty Years, 89 AM.

J. Int\'l.L. 506(1996).

34. G.A Res.48/37, U.N. GAOR, 48th Sess.,U.N. Doc. A/48/).37 (1993).

35. G.A. Res. 48/37, UN.GAOR,48th Sess.,UN.Doc.A/48/37(1993);G.A. Res. 48/42,UN. GAOR,48 th Sess., UN. Doc, A/48/42 (1993); G.A.Res.47/120A, UN. GAOR, 47 th Sess., UN. Doc. A/47/120A (1992 G.A.Res.47/120B,UN.GAOR, 47 th Sess.,UN. Doc-.A/47-/120B (1992).

% 36. General Framework Agreement for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Nov. 15 Dec. 14, 1995, reprinted in 35 I.L.M. 75, 89-92 (1996).

37. Geneva Convention IV 1949 Commentary, supra note 114, at 2 Interna­ tional peacekeeping news. 1996, Issue № 2-01, March-April.

38. Geneva Conventions 1949. See Int¹ L. Comm. Of the CROSS, Geneva Convention of 12 august 1949 and ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS of 8 June 1977; RATIFICATIONS, ACCESSION and SUCCESSIONS as at 30 June 1995, at 7 ( July 6, 1995).

39. Henrikson, supra note 34, at 63 (suggesting that special agreements concluded under Article 43 of the U. N. Charter "could...bot harness the energies of regionally powerful countries... and restraint them, precluding a devolution of the word system into spheres-of influence order, or disorder.").

40. International Law Report. Vol.48.L., 1975.

166 41.IPS,1997..Aprill5.

42. IPS, 1996, October 4.

43. Jean-Francois Berger. The humanitarian diplomacy of the ICRC and the conflict in Crotia (1991-1997) (Geneva: ICRC, 1995).

44. John Norton Moore, supra note 102, at 23-32.

I ^ 45. John Pomfret, reaction Force for Bosnia is Rapidly Fading Away: Role

i

| Now Limited to Protecting U.N. Troops, WASH. POST, July 1, 1995, at Al.

I 46. John Pomfret, U.N. Restricts Troops\' Enforcement in Bosnia, Wash.

| Post., June 11, 1995, at A27.

47. Judith G. Gardam, Proportionality and Force in international law,

48. Judge Richard Goldstone, Address at the University of Maryland European Division at Mannheim, Germany (May 26, 1996) (copy on file with the Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law).

49. Law of War, supra note 10 8, at 169.

50 Letter from Ralph Zacklin, Dierctor and Deputy to the under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs the United Nations, to Carolyn Wilson, Counsellor, §_m United States Mission to the United Nations (July 12, 1995 ) on file with the Duke Journal of Comparative International Law ).

51. L\' ONUenbref - mai 1999.

52. Mats R. Berdal, The Security Council, Peacekeeping and International Conflict after the cold war, 7 DUKE J.COMP.& Int\'l L 71, 75-76 (1996).

53. Max Frankel, word & Image ; Beyond the shrout, N.Y. TIMES, March 19, 1995, sec. 6 at 30.

54. Michel Mercier, Crime without punishment: humanitarian action in former Yugoslavia (1991-1993) (London: Pluto Press, 1995).

55. Model Agreement Between the United Nations and Member States Contributing Personnel and Equipment to United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations, U.N. GAOR, 46 th Sess., Annex< at para.6, U.N. Doc. A / 46 /185

^ (1991).

167

56. Nathan L. Towards a conference on security, stability, development and cooperation in Africa. Belleville, 1992, p.25-28.

57. National Security Law 188-90 (John Norton Moore et al.eds., 1990). But see IAN BROWNLIE, International Law and the Use of Force by States 264-80,431-34 (1963); The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary , supra note 83, at 124-26, 666 (stating that the forcible protection of nationals against the

\\ will of the territorial state is illegal under U.N. Charter Article 2(4) and does not

i

i justify use of self-defense under Article 51).

I 58. Panikkar K.M. Regionalism and word security. In: Reginalism and

l

I security. Indian Council of word Affairs. Oxford University Press. New Dehli,

I

I 1948. -P.2.

i

| 59. Peacekeeping Service Contact Negotiated Between the government of

Canada and United Nations (Nov.30, 1994) (on file with the Duke Journal Comparative & International Law) (agreement between the United Nations and

Canada regarding the provision of military personnel and equipment to the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

£ 60. Peter da Costa, Life After Doe, 1990 West Africa 2510 (№ 3813-24-30

September 1990). For further discussion on the creation of ECOMOG, see David Wippman, Military Intervention, Regional Organization, and Host-State Consent, 7 Duke J. Сотр. & Int\'l L.

61. Pierre Perin, Guerre et Sante publique: manuel pour Г aide aux prises de decisions (Geneva: ICRC, 1995).

62. Protocol of War, supra note 127, art.85-87 , 1125 U.N.T..S. at 41- 43, 16 [ I. L. M. At 1427-29

[ 63. Protocol I, supra note 127, art. 38, 1125 U.N.T.S. at 22, 16 I. L.M. at

[ 1409.

64. Question of Responsibility for Attacks on United Nations and Associated [ Personnel and Measures to Ensures that those Responsible for such attacks are

168

Brought to Justice , U.N, GAOR sixth Committee, 48^th Sess.,U.N. Doc. A/C.6748/L.2 (1993).

65. Quincy Wright, The Cuban Quarantine, 57 Am. J. Int\'l L. 546 (1963).

66. Rapport annuel sur l\'activite\'de l\'organisation 1999 "Eviter la guerreprevenir les catastrophes", page 42, kofi A. Annan, secretaire general de l\'organisation des Nations Unies.

67. Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Serviceof the United Nations (Advisory opinion), 1949 I.C.J. 174 (Apr.ll), excerpts reprinted in CASES ON UNITED NATIONS LAW 33, 39 (Louis B. Sohn ed., 2d ed. 1967).

68. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of an International Convention Dealing with the Safety and security of United Nations and Associated Personnel, Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of International Convention Dealing with the Safety and Security of United Nations and Associated Personnel, 49 th Sess.,U.N. Doc.A/49/22 (1994).

69. Report of the Working Group, U.N. Gaor Sixth Committee, 49th. Sess., U.N. Doc. A/C.6/49/L.4 (1994).

70. Report of judgment, advisory opinions and orders. — ICJ, 1980. —

71. Richard Dowden, U.N Dances to Washington\'s Tune, The INDEPENDENT, march 9, 1995, at 14.

72. Robert Greenberger et al., Dodging the Bullet: An invasion of Haiti is averted by accord to Restore Aristide, wall st. J.,sept.l9, note 16.

73. Robert J.Beck, the Grenada Invasion: Politics, law, and foreign policy decision making (1993).

74. Robert D. Kaplan, Catch the Bad Guys Now WASH. POST, July 10, 1996, at 17.

75. S.C. Res. 713, U.N. SCOR, 46^th Sess., 3009^th mtg., at 1, U.N. Doc. S/RES/713(1991), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 1427, 1431-32(1992).See generally

169

Steinberg, supra note 73, at 38-39 (discussing the involvement of regional organizations and the U.N. in the Balkans).

76. S.C. Res. 743, U.N. SCOR, 47^th Sess., 3055 * mtg., at 2 , U.N. Doc. S/RES/ 743 (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 1428, 1447-1449 (1992).

77. S.C. Res. 770, U.N. SCOR, 47^th Sess., 3106 * mtg., at 1 , U.N. Doc j * S/RES/770 (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 1429, 1468-70 (1992); see Steinberg, I supra note 73, at 41-44.

I 78. S.C. Res. 776, U.N. SCOR, 47^th Sess., 3114 * mtg., at 3 , U.N. Doc.

I

I S/RES/776 (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 1430, 1472-73 (1992); see

I

| Steinberg, supra note 73, at 44.

j 79. S.C. Res. 824, U.N. SCOR, 48^th Sess., 3208 ^th mtg., at 2 , U.N. Doc.

I S/RES/824 (1993), establishing Sarajevo, Tusla, Zepa, Gorazde, Bihac, Srebrenica,

I "and their surrounding" as "safe areas," noting that the Areas" should be free from

I armed attacks and from any other hostile act [s]".

I 80. S.C. Res. 836, U.N. SCOR, 48^th Sess., 3228 ^ш mtg., at 3 , U.N. Doc.

S/RES/824 (1993). щ 81. S.C. Res. 841, U.N. SCOR, 48^th Sess., 3228 ^л mtg., 3 , U.N. Doc

S/RES/776 (1993), reprinted in 32 I.L.M. 1206, 1206-1209 (1993).

82. Security of United Nations Operations: Report of the Secretary General, U.N. GAOR, 48^th Sess., U.N. Doc. S/26358 (1993).

83. Statement by the President of the Security Council, U.N. SCOR, 48^th Sess., U.N. Doc. S/25493 (1993), reprinted in An Agenda for Peace, supra note 17 at 134.

j 84. The blue Helmets- A Review of United Nations, peacekeeping - third

j edition. 1994.

j 85. The Blue Helmets: a Review of United Nations Peacekeeping.,

! N.Y.,1996.

I 86. The Europe World Yearbook 1991., L., 1991.,V. 1. The United Nations

i ■•

I and SOMALIA, supra note 41, at 50.

j 170

j

\\ 87. The chronology in this section in drawn from Stephen JOHN Stedman,

j conflict and conciliation in Sub-Saharan Africa, in International dimensions,

I supra note 73, at 235,250-253 and Abiodun Williams, Regional peacemaking:

ECOWAS and the Liberian civil war, in the diplomatic record 1990-1991, 213

(David D. Newsom ed., 1992). ^ 88. The United Nations and Situation in Liberia. New York feb. 1997.

89. The United Nations and the situation in the Yugoslavia. Resolutions

of the Security Council and Statements by its President. 25 sept. 1991-28 april 1995. New York, april 1995.

90. U.N. SCOR, 47^th Sess., 2974th mtg., 3 , U.N. Doc. S/PV.2974(1991)

(provisional verbatim record, statement of the President, Mr. Bagbe Adeito Nzengeya).

91. United Nations Model SOFA, supra note 95 § VI.

92. United Nations Peace-keeping. Infirmation notes. New York, feb. 1995.

93. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, Apr. 18, 1961, 23 U.S.T, 3227, 500 U.N.T. 95.