Vocabulary

4. l. Learn the vocabulary and make up your own sentences, collective bargaining — the discussion held between an employer

and trade unions in order to reach an agreement on wages and working conditions

prerogative (n) — a special right belonging to a particular person, especially because of the official position they hold

closed shop — a place of work where only members of a particular trade union are employed relinquish (v) — to give up

dues (n, plural) — regular payments made to an organization such as professional association or trade union by its members

set forth (phrv) — to formulate one’s demands, to settle one’s requirements in definite terms

cost-of-living adjustment — in the U.S., an increase in someone’s pay or pension, made to cover increases in the cost of living voluntary (adj) — acting or done willingly, without being forced mandatory (adj) — which must be done

fringe benefits — advantage or service given with a job besides wages (company cars, loans at low rates of interest, etc.) explicit (adj) — clear and fully expressed

provision (n) — a part of a law, contract, agreement, etc.

layoff (n) — the act of stopping a worker’s employment recall (n) — the act of officially telling someone to come back grievance procedure — the system that a company has to discuss workers’ complaints

spell out (phr v) — to explain in the clearest or most detailed way expire (v) — to come to an end; run out

counter (v) — to move or act in order to oppose or defend yourself against something

in earnest — seriously; in a determined way lockout (n) — a situation in which people are prevented from entering their place of work until they have agreed to accept conditions set down by their employers

bluster (n) — noisy or boastful talk

bickering (n) — quarrelling, especially about important matters stem (v) — to stop

strike-breaker — a person who takes the job of someone else who is on strike

designated (adj) — chosen or named for a particular job or purpose

4. 2.
   Give English equivalents to the following words and expressions:

• отказываться;
• добросовестно;
• поправка на рост прожиточного минимума;
• назначенный;
• увольнение из-за отсутствия работы;
• обязательный, принудительный;
• разъяснять, растолковывать;
• предприятие, принимающее на работу только членов профсоюза;
• процедура разрешения трудовых споров;
• положение, условие (закона, договора, соглашения).

4. 3. Choose an appropriate word or expression from the box to complete the following sentences.

fringe benefits              in earnest              prerogative

countered              voluntary              strike-breakers              stem

1. It is the ... of management to decide what products should be manufactured.
2. If strikes and lockouts occur labor and management usually try to reach a compromise solution to ... their losses.
3. Such contract issue as ... overtime must be addressed in the bargaining process.
4. A competitive salary with ... will be offered to all workers.
5. During the strike, the management successfully employed ....
6. The unions were accused of illegal actions, but they ... with the claim that the situation was disastrous.
7. The two parties can finally start negotiating... about issues of mutual concern.

4. 4. Give synonyms for the italicized words in each sentence below, or briefly explain their meaning.

1. The wage, hours, and working conditions set forth in the work agreement apply to the nonunion workers as well as the union workers.
2. Unions stress seniority (length of service) as the basis for worker promotion and for layoff and recall.
3. The date for the beginning of collective bargaining on a new contract is usually set in the existing contract and is usually 60 days before the current one expires.
4. There is also the possibility that at that time the firm may engage in a lockout.
5. Although bluster and bickering often occur in collective bargaining, labor and management display a remarkable capacity for compromise and agreement.